Mbaebooks.de

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT


1 What makes career planning a success ?

2 Write a note on counselling?

3 Discuss the reasons for employees' grievances.?

4 Why is employees' motivation required in a travel agency ? As a manager, how will you motivate the employees ?

5 Discuss on-the-job training methods?

6 Discuss the functions and operations of Personnel Management?

7 What is job analysis and job description ? Discuss their importance in an organisation?

8 Describe the phases in the design and implementation of a Human Resource Accounting System?

9 What are the approaches for effective Human Resource Information System ?


10 Discuss the concept and objectives of Human Resource Planning ?


11 What are the objectives of Human Resource Planning (HRP) ? Describe the micro and macrolevel Scenario of HRP in Hospitality Industry. Explain staff training and development. How are they different from each other ?

12 What do you understand by job Evaluation ? Describe its advantages.

13 Differentiate between Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory and Herzberg's Two factor Theory? 

14 What is career planning and how it differs from manpower planning ?

15 What do you understand by counselling functions ? Answer with suitable examples.

16 Describe performance appraisal. What are the different methods of performance appraisal ?

17 What is grievance ? What different methods can be adopted by an organisation to redress the grievances of it's employees ?

18 Define the term "Discipline". Explain its meaning and purposes?

19 Write about 300 words each on any two of the following :
(a) Transfer and promotion
(b) Selection Test
(x) Human Resource Audit
(d) Job enrichment

20 What is Human Resource Planning? Discuss its need in hospitality industry?

21 What are the diff erent manpower supply forecasting techniques?

22 Discuss the functions and operations of personnel management ?

23 What are the objectives of training and how it is useful for an otganrzation ?

24 Describe "Maslow's Need Hierarchy theory of Motivation" in detail?

25 Write an essay on the importance of Human Resource Planning?

26 What do you understand by Human Resource Audit ? Mention the steps required in it.

27 Discuss the various job evaluation methods ?

28 Discuss the functions of a Personnel Office ?

29 Write short notes on any of the following :
(a) Induction Placement.
(b) Job Analysis.
(c) Task Analysis.

30 How are motivation and career planning related to employee's efficiency and productivity ? Give examples while answering

31 Define the following : 
(a) Counselling.
(b)Job description.
(c) Human Resource Information System.
(d) Manpower Forecasts.

32 Why is on-the-job training essential in any service organisation ? Discuss its merits and demerits?

33 Devise a career plan for a management trainee in a leading travel or hospitality organisation?

34 Discuss the manpower supply forecasting techniques?

BACHELOR OF EDUCATION
ES-331 : CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Define the term Curriculum. Explain the basic considerations in Curriculum planning.

2. Describe Instructional planning. What are the steps involved in it ?

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What are various strategies of training to instil teaching skills among teachers ? Describe any one with suitable examples.

4. What do you mean by system approach to instruction ? How will you as a teacher, use system approach in teaching secondary school students ? Illustrate your answer with example.

5. Answer the following questions. Answer in about 150 words each :
(i) What are the different bases of curriculum development ?
{ii) What is micro teaching ? How is it different from simulated teaching ?
(iii) Describe three characteristics of instructional objectives in behavioural terms, with examples.
(iv) What is team teaching ? Discuss its merits and demerits.
(v) Differentiate between class-room management and class-room discipline.
{vi) Differentiate between norm referenced tests and criterion referenced tests.
(vii) Mention the aims and types of project work in brief.

6. Answer the following question in out 600 words.
After visiting a Learning Resource Centre or Teaching Aids library in a nearby college of education, write a critical report on the status and use of the resource centre.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What do you understand by the term Curriculum ? Explain the major approaches to Curriculum Development.

2. Describe the important activities to be taken for organising interactive session in the class. Illustrate with suitable examples.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What is the meaning of probing skills ? Explain their uses with examples.

4. Explain with examples the various steps involved in preparation of instructional material.
5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(I) Explain the methods of curriculum evaluation.
(ii) What is a resource centre ? Mention the use of resource centre for a teacher.
(iii) Explain Hilda Taba Model of Curriculum Development.
(iv) Define instructional objectives with their advantages and limitations.
(v) Mention the innovative trends in curriculum.
(vi) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of lecture method.
(vii) What do you mean by activity based instruction ? Explain with examples.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
While imparting instruction in your classroom, you must have come across many classroom problems. Describe how did you manage them.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
'The main problems of curriculum are lack of sequence, continuity and integration of content included in curriculum.' Discuss the statement with convincing arguments.

2. Describe the components and sub-system of a given instructional system and explain their integration.

3. Answer the following ql.restion in about 600 words'
Describe as to how the teacher, the student and the environment can function as resources for instruction.

4. Discuss the mechanisms of efleclive management of instruction.

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) Discuss how a well planned curriculum can make teaching and learning more effective.
(ii) Discuss the role of different types of reinforcements in classroom teaching.
(iii) Describe learner-related factors which influence curriculum developrhent and transaction.
(iv) Describe the role of formative evaluation in curriculum development.
(v) Identify common defects of teaching through demonstration and suggest suitable measures to remove them.
(vi) Fxplain with examples the procedure of conducting group-investigation of a problem.
(vii) How will you formulate instructional strategy for your teaching ? Discuss.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words'
You have studied about flow-charting the content in Block 3,/ES-331.
(i) Analyse the content of a topic of your choice from your discipline/subject and present it through aflow chart.
(iil Justify the flow chart you have presented.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What do you mean by the concept "curriculum emluation" ? Why do we evaluate curriculum ? Discuss.

2. Describe with example the input-process-output model of a system as applicable to any instructional system.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain with examples various teaching skills required for effective teaching at the Secondary/Senior .Secondary School level.



4. Discuss with examples the following training strategies :
(i) Interaction analysis
(ii) Simulation

5.. Answer each question in about 150 words
(i) How is Tyler's Model of curriculum construction different from Taba's Model ?
(ii) Explain the role of various factors to be taken into view while planning a curriculum :
(iii) Identify and briefly a<plain the causes that make a given instructional system inefficient.
(iv) Dfferentiate between various styles of programmed instruction.
(v) Describe the organisation and evaluation of the micro-teaching approach.
(vi) Discuss various levels of instruction with the help of examples.
(vii) Discuss merits and demerits of activity based instruction.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
You have studied instructional media in Block 4/ES 331. You must have watched/listened to some educational TV /radio programme.
o Present an overview of the content, objectives, format and learning outcomes of the programme.
o Discuss the rationale for selection of the medium (television or radio).
o Suggest measures to improve effectiveness of the programme.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What are different viewpoints on the concept of curriculum ? Which one do you prefer most and why ?

2. Discuss the organisation of the three types of instructional systems. Describe teacher's role in these systems.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Describe the various types of teacher-based instructional activities, with examples, from the subject that you are teaching.

4. Describe various techniques of classroom management which help in better learning outcomes.

5. Answer the following questions. Answer each question in about 150 words :
(i) Explain and differentiate between macro-level and micro-level curriculum evaluation.
(ii) What are the components of communication system and how are they relevant to classroom instruction ?
(iii) Differentiate between simulated teaching and micro teaching.
(iv) Write instructional objectives of any topic you have taught in your class with mental abilities involved in them.
(v) Discuss the components associated with the skill of stimulus variation.
(vi) Briefly describe various instructional resources with special reference to environment as a resource.

6.. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
"You, as a teacher, might have felt that the existing curriculum of secondary or senior secondary school should be need-based and related to socio-economic and political scenario of the society." What are the emerging trends in curriculum for the future so as to produce socially productive citizens ?

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the three major approaches to curriculum development with suitable examples.

2. Describe in brief six aspects of a curriculum which determine various approaches of developing it.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What are the various strategies pertaining to instruction and classroom management required to manage your instructional activities most effectively ?

4. Discuss instructional objectives on the basis of Bloom's cognitive system or REIM system.

5. Answer the following questions. Answer each question in about 150 words :

(i) Discuss with suitable examples various innovative teaching techniques adopted by a teacher in transacting the curriculum.
(ii) What skills are needed to use various media in the teaching-learning process to cater to the individual differences of your students ?
(iii) Discuss the role of the teacher in curriculum planning.
(iv) Write a short note on Computer-Assisted Instruction.
(v) Why are some students non-responsive to the questions asked ? What remedial mechanism is required for such students ?
(vi) Identify and briefly explain various resources that could be used to make instruction effective.
(vii) Why do the teachers prefer non-projected to projected visual media ? Give suitable examples of both the media.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
During teacher's training programme you are supposed to acquire requisite competencies and skills to teach effectively. State those skills and competencies and explain as to how they are helpful in making an effective teacher.


1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Differentiate among process, structure and humanistic approaches to curriculum.

2.Discuss the relative influence of development and social considerations of curriculum planning.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Describe the input-process-output model of a system as applicable to any instructional system.

4. What do you mean by activity-based instruction ? Discuss its merits and demerits.

5. Answer the following questions. Answer each question in about 150 words.
(i) Discuss the importance of formative evaluation in developing need-based curriculum.
(ii) Differentiate learning from instruction. Support your answer with suitable examples.
(iii) How will you assess the effectiveness of the lecture method ?
(iv) Write short notes on the following :
(a) Analysis category/level of cognitive objectives
(b) Synthesis category/level of cognitive objectives
(v) Discuss the role of classroom management in effective teaching.
(vi) Discuss the advantages of cooperative learning in your classroom.
(vii) How does the skill of questioning make your teaching more effective ? Discuss.
(viii) Why should we use Over Head Projector (OHP) in comparison to other projected media ? How will you prepare OHP transparencies ?

6.. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Choose a topic of your interest from the subject of the area you are teaching in your school. Develop programmed learning material on it using linear style.

PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Answer the following in about 600 words.
Clarify the concepts of growth and development. Discuss the role of a teacher in facilitating the growth and development of the higher secondary school students.

2. What do you mean by Cognitive Development ? Explain Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

3. Answer the following in about 600 words.
Explain different factors that affect the development of personality. Describe the impact of mass media on the personality development of adolescents.

4. Explain the concept of learning and briefly describe its different theories.

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each
(i) Explain with examples emotional development of an individual.
(ii) What is humanistic approach to learning ? Describe its characteristics.
(iii) What do you mean by domains of learning ? Give suitable examples for different domains.
(iv) Explain the concepts of intelligence, aptitude and creativity, with suitable examples.
(v) Explain intrinsic and extrinsic motivation with suitable examples.
(vi) Define the concepts of heredity and environment. How do heredity and environment influence the growth and development of an individual ?
(vii) Explain the nature and process of verbal learning.

6. Answer the following in about 600 words.
How will you identify maladjusted students in your class ? How will you as a teacher solve the psychological and social problems of such students ? Explain,

1. Explain the concept of development. Discuss the role of the teacher in facilitating human development.

2.Explain the concept of cognitive development with special reference to Piaget's framework for conceptualising child development. Discuss factors facilitating cognitive development,

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss Bio-social and Psychoanalytical approaches to personality giving propositions of prominent propounders of these approaches.

4. List major tenets of the Humanistic approach to learning. Discuss the contributions of Maslow towards Humanistic Psychology.


5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) Discuss personal factors influencing the process of learning.
(ii) Explain any three levels of cognitive domain or area.
(iii) Discuss in brief the nature and development of values in school system.
(iv) Define the concept of `Locus of Control' and explain its dimensions giving examples.
(v) Explain the nature and types of psychological conflicts.
(vi) What is meant by Defence Mechanism' ? Discuss any three defence mechanisms giving suitable examples.
(vii) What do you understand by `Social Maturity' ? Explain briefly its relationship with socialadjustment.

6. - Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Suppose you have identified one backward and one gifted student in your class. Describe the method you used to identify each of them. Discuss the principles you would follow in guiding ; A - the backward student and B --the gifted student. Summarise the contrasting characteristics of A and B.

 
1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Differentiate between the concepts of growth and development. Discuss adolescence as the crucial stage of human development.

2. Explain the concept and nature of personality. Discuss the psychoanalytical and psychosocialapproaches in understanding personality.

3. Answer the following question, in about 600 words.
Explain the psychometric approach to understand the concept of intelligence. Discuss appropriate instructional strategies for handling individual differences of the learners at various levels of intelligence.

4. Explain the concept of learning. Discuss various characteristics of learning with suitable examples.

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) Explain the principles of learning deduced from the learning theory of Thorndike.
(ii) Explain nature of social adjustment and social maturity with examples.
(iii) Discuss briefly the relationship between heredity and environment on growth and development of the individual.
(iv) Define the concept of motivation and explain its role in learning.
(v) Discuss teachers' role in improving group relationship in a school.
(vi) Briefly discuss broad classification of students with special needs with reference to physical and mental aspects.
(vii) Discuss impact of various mass media on personality development of school children.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
One of your students has secured 95% in the Board's examination. How will you find out whether he is gifted or creative ? In case you have identified him as a gifted student, what steps would you follow while guiding him in the school ?

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the behaviourist approach to learning. Discuss its educational implications.

2 Explain the concept of transfer of learning. Discuss different types of transfer of learning and explain their educational implications.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the genetic basis of individual differences. Discuss the role of heredity in influencing the mental development of the learners.

4. Discuss special needs of learners/children from the deprived section of society. What role will you play in fulfilling those needs ?

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) What do you understand by affective domain ? Discuss the main organising principles in affective domain.
(ii) Discuss the importance of social maturity.
(iii) Discuss any three characteristics of gifted children.
(iv) Discuss the relationship between maturity and learning. Give suitable examples in support of your answer.
(v) Explain any three basic assumptions that are necessary for providing guidance to the learners.
(vi) What are the various causes of conflicts ? How would you resolve the conflicts among your students ?
(vii) Describe the characteristics of a creative child.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
How will you identify socially maladjusted students in your class ? How will you help them in making their social adjustment better ? Justify your answer with suitable examples.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Describe various stages of human development. Discuss the role of teacher in facilitating the development of the learners.

2. What is meant by 'individual differences' ? Discuss the factors producing individual differences.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Define the students with special educational needs. Describe the teacher's role in meeting the educational, social and psychological needs of such students.

4. Explain the concept of learning. Discuss personal factors that influence learning, with suitable examples.

 

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) Explain Piaget's views on moral development.
(ii) Discuss the role of teacher in the development of
adolescent personality.
(iii) Explain the meaning of interest and its development in studies at school.
(iv) Discuss the implications of verbal learning for class-room practice.
(v) Briefly discuss the environmental factors influencing learning.
(vi) Mention the different types of conflicts and explain the measures for resolving them.
(vii) Differentiate between Guidance, Counselling and Psychotherapy.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss some effective methods of learning which you would like your students to practice in the class and home. Illustrate your answer with relevant examples.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the characteristics of socio-emotional development of secondary and senior secondary school students. Discuss teacher's role in facilitating their development.

2. Explain the concept of personality. Dscuss the main hereditary and environmental factors which influence the personality development.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words. .
Explain the concept of learning. Discuss main characteristics of Piaget's cognitive approach to learning.
4. Explain the concept ol adjustment. Discuss chamcteristics of a well-adjusted and a maladjusted person giving suitable examples.

5- Answer the following questions. Answer each question in about 150 words :
(i) "Adolescence. is a period of stress and strain. " Explain.
(ii) Explain the characteristics oI language development in children.
(iii) Explain the nafure and types of motivation.
(iv) Briefly discuss the misconcepts regarding heredity and environment.
(v) Explain . the main factors that influence classroom learning.
(vi) Explain the characteristics of the gifted and talented students.
(vii)Differentiate between guidance and counselling with suitable examples.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the concept of group dynamics. Describe five activities which you would like to undertake in the class for improving the group relationship among your students.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Differentiate between growth and development with the help of suitable examples. Why should a teacher study the principles governing growth and development ?

2. Explain the concept of individual differences. Discuss the individual differences in intelligence and creativity with suitable examples.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the concept and types of motivation. How does motivation contribute to enhance children's academic achievement ?

4. Discuss the influence of personal and environmental factors on classroom learning. Give examples.

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) "Adolescence is a period of storm and stress." Elaborate.
(ii) What should a school do to ensure healthy social development of children ?
(iii) How do children attain new concepts ?
(iv) How does cognitive domain of learning differ from affective domain ?
(v) How will you facilitate students' adjustment in schools ? Discuss.
(vi) Explain the meaning and nature of guidance. How is it related to counselling ?
(vii) Explain the situations in which you can use the method of spaced and unspaced learning.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Prepare a plan for the identification of emotionally maladjusted children in your class. Discuss the strategies you shall devise to help such children.

EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION
1. Answer the following in about 600 words.
Define `Evaluation' and discuss its relationship with `Measurement' and `Assessment' by giving suitable examples.

2. Distinguish between, norm-referenced' and 'criterion-referenced' tests with suitable examples.

3. Answer the following in about 600 words.
Explain the concept and significance of `self-reporting technique' of evaluation. Elaborate various suggestions and precautions to be taken into consideration while using this technique for evaluation of learning outcomes.

4. Define the term `Reliability'. Describe three approaches to estimate reliability of an achievement test.

5. Write notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(a) Sociogram and its uses
(b) Advantages and disadvantages of standardised tests ~c} Importance and use of `Prognosis'
(d) Normal probability curve ' - its concept and applications
(e) Mean, Mode and Median -- uses and limitations in class-room evaluation
(f) Instructional objectives -- Importance and Types Concept and significance of Blue-print
(g) Projective techniques and their usage in organising class-room instruction

6. Answer the following in about 600 words.
Identify four difficult concepts / learning areas from your teaching subject which require remedial material for ensuring clear understanding of students. Describe the nature of remedial material and steps involved in preparation of such remedial materials. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.


1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain teaching - learning process and discuss the role of evaluation in it, with suitable examples.

2. What do you understand by Summative and Formative evaluation ? Give four important differences between Summative and Formative evaluation. Support your answer with examples.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced tests. Discuss their use in evaluation of learners' performance with suitable examples,

4. Explain the concept, forms and use of `Projective techniques' with suitable examples.

5. . Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each :
(I) Difficulty level and Discriminatory power of the test
(ii) Teacher-made test : Advantages and Disadvantages
(iii) Absolute and Comparative grading
(iv) Percentiles concept and use in class-room evaluation
(v) BIue-print - concept and use in question paper preparation
(vi) Rating scale : Types and use

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Select a topic from your teaching subject. Construct an achievement test on the basis of blue-print. The test must have nine test items i.e. three items each belonging to three categories of objectives i.e. Knowledge, Understanding and Application respectively.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain various components of `Evaluation' and define Evaluation with the help of suitable examples.

2. What is meant by `self-reporting' technique of evaluation ? Mention any four self-reporting instruments. What precautions will you keep in mind while evaluating through self-reporting technique ?

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the meaning and importance of educational diagnosis. Discuss the purpose and use of diagnostic tests.

4. What is the need and importance of Remedial material ? Explain the process of preparation and use of Remedial material with suitable examples.

5. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each :
(i) Characteristics of good evaluation tool
(ii) Item analysis - concept and use
(iii) External evaluation - advantages and disadvantages
(iv) Anecdotal record - concept and its use
(v) Sociogram - concept and use
(vi) Normal probability curve - its theoretical base and properties

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Mention the various steps involved in construction of Criterion-Referenced test. Take up a unit in your subject and construct criterion-referenced test having 12 items on the basis of above mentioned steps.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Mention and discuss the basic features that characterise a `good' evaluation tool.

2. What is diagnostic testing ? In what way is it helpful to teachers/students in improving classroom teaching/ learning ?

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss the use of `observation' as a technique for evaluating non-scholastic aspects of student behaviour. How should the teacher ensure the reliability and validity of observation ?

4. Mention and discuss in brief the steps for -constructing and standardising an achievement test.

5. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each
(i) Prepare a good marking scheme for the annual examination in your subject of teaching.
(ii) Differentiate . between Absolute and Comparative grading.
(iii) Discuss use, advantages and disadvantages of oral tests.
(iv) Develop outline of a scheme of comprehensive evaluation for students of Secondary Education.
(v) Differentiate between Mean, Median and Mode and their interpretation.
(vi) Discuss how . coefficient of correlation is misinterpreted.
(vii) Differentiate between grading and numerical marking.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Choose a teaching unit of the subject of your choice. Give examples (2 each) of different types ofassignments you would give to your students of Class IX. What actions as follow-up of theseassignments will you take ?

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What relationship do you perceive among the three pairs of evaluation approaches ?
 formative - summative,
 internal - external,
 norm-referenced - criterion-referenced,
Explain each in brief.

2. ' Identify and explain the three domains of the instructional objectives. Further, mention and clarify the levels of classification of any one of the three domains. Provide examples for different levels.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain various types of validity. Also, discuss the extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing the reliability of test scores.

4. What do you understand by `objectivity as a criterion' of a good evaluation tool ? How will you ensure it ?

 

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) Mention types of objective type questions with examples. Also point out their merits and demerits.
(ii) What are question banks ? Discuss briefly their use in students' evaluation.
(iii) Briefly discuss the functions, advantages and disadvantages of continuous evaluation.
(iv) Give the application and use of Normal Distribution.
(v) Explain the difference between evaluation, assessment and measurement.
(vi) Why does the maximum value of coefficient of correlation lie between - 1 to + 1 ? Discuss.
(vii) Practical tests generally become farcical. As a practising teacher, how can you make them meaningful and purposeful ?

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Choose a teaching-unit of the subject of your choice of class IX. State its objectives in the three domains. Mention the types of suitable tools for their assessment and prepare three test items for each domain.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the role of evaluation in teaching learning process with suitable examples.

2. Explain the characteristics of good evaluation with suitable illustrations.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Differentiate Formative evaluation with Summative evaluation.

4. Illustrate classification of educational objectives as suggested by Bloom, with suitable examples.

5. Write notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(i) Criterion-Referenced test
(ii) Grading - need and importance
(iii) Projective technique - concept and use
(iv) Anecdotal record - its importance and utility
(v) Normal Distribution Curve - its interpretation and use.
(vi)Correlation - its importance and use
(vii)Continuous and Comprehensive evaluation concept and importance
(viii)Power test - concept and use

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
While teaching in your school, you must have come across some difficult concepts in your teaching subject. List any two difficult concepts and illustrate the remedial material prepared by you for students. Explain the various steps involved in the process of development of the remedial material.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words'
Define evaluation and explain its need and importance in education, with illustrations'

 

2. Explain criteria of a good evaluation tool with examples.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the concept, assessment process and interpretation used in observation technique of evaluation.

4. Define rating scales and describe their types, uses and limitations.

5. Write notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(i) Norm-Referenced test - its importance and use
(ii) Relative Grading - concept and importance in evaluation
(iii) Peer Rating - concept and significance
(iv) Difficulty level - concept and use
(v) Inventories - concept and use
(vi) Diagnostic tests - purpose and use
(vii) Need and format of Cumulative Records
(viii) Measures of Dispersion - its importance

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Select any topic from your teaching subject and prepare a blueprint. On the basis of the blueprint prepare an achievement test incorporating all the essential criteria of a good achievement test.

EDUCATION AND SOCIETY

1. "Education is not only preparation for life, it is synonymous with life." Discuss bringing out the definition and aims of education.

2.Discuss the role of community in education and its relationship with school as an agency of education.
3. Compare the ideas propagated by Naturalism, Idealism and Pragmatism with respect to the curriculum development. Which philosophy do you think is the best ? Why ?

4. Discuss the role of education in the context of the aspirations of the Indian society, particularly the spirit of . nationalism. What do you as a teacher do in this regard ?

5. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each :
(a) Universalization of Elementary Education in the Indian context
(b) Education and National Development
(c) Education as a Fundamental Right
(d) School based evaluation
(e) Education and Culture in the Indian context
(f) Role of teacher in inculcating values
(g) Concept and philosophy of Distance Education
6. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Vocational Education is the need of the society. But there are certain problems in fulfilling the aims of Vocationalization of Education. Discuss these problems with students and parents and suggest improvements to fulfil the aims of Vocationalization of Education.

1. Answer the following question in about 600- words.
"Education is the manifestation of divine perfection already existing in man" -- Vivekananda. Define education and discuss the aims of education in the light of the above statement.

2.Describe the media as an important agency of education. Discuss the relationship between Home, School, Community and Media.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
How is Educational Evaluation an ' important aspect of the Education System ? Discuss innovations in the examination system in India with suitable examples.

4. What is the meaning of Vocationalisation of Education ? Discuss its various merits and demerits in the context of Secondary Education.
5. Write short notes on the following in . about 150 words each
(i) Social stratification
(ii) Open learning system
(iii) Universalism
(iv) Non-formal education
(v) Pragmatism and Curriculum
(vi) Role of teacher in promoting national integration and education
(vii) Education - its role in developing democratic outlook

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
You as a school teacher might have realized that in a culturally diverse country like India only a common school system seems to alleviate educational inequality. Discuss the statement with your colleagues and prepare a critical report highlighting the recommendations.
.1 Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What are the basic aims of education in a democratic society ? What should be the role of teachers and students in the programme `Education for All' ? Discuss.

2. Define Naturalism. What is the contribution of Naturalism in Education ? Discuss various roles of the teacher according to Naturalism.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
How does vocationalisation lead to increase in productivity of the country ? Discuss.

4. Define wastage and stagnation. Discuss the various innovative strategies to reduce wastage and stagnation.

5. Write short notes on any four of the following in about 150 words each :
(i) Socialization and Acculturation
(ii) Recommendations of Yashpal Committee regarding examination reform
(iii) Education as a social sub-system
(iv) Explain Pluralism in the context of the Indian Education System
(v) Globalisation and its impact on education Impact of philosophy on the educational system
(vii) Impact of dialect and medium of instruction on academic performance of students

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Through your teaching experience you might have felt that the school can create conditions for positive social change in the community. Discuss with your colleagues and prepare a critical report highlighting recommendations to bring about social change in the community.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What do you mean by the term Education ? Discuss spiritual, developmental and social mould of Education with suitable illustrations.

2. Describe community as an important agency of education. Discuss its relationship with school.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss the essential tenets of `Naturalism' as an educational philosophy and explain its importance in the light of curriculum and the role of teacher.


4. Describe various functions of the school in a democratic society.

5. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each :
(i) Indian Social Structure and its nature
(ii) Education - its role in national development
(iii) Globalisation - its features and effect on education
(iv) The Common School System - its salient features
(v) NPE-1986 - its salient features in relation to teacher education
(vi) Semesterisation - need, importance and implementation

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
As a teacher, you must have visited the nearby locality and listed the different kinds of media available in the locality for children. You must also have evaluated their utilisation for children's education in consultation with parents. Write a report on the availability of different kinds of media and their utility for children's education.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Describe the aims of education and discuss how these can be realized in a democratic set-up like India.

2. Describe school as a formal agency of education and discuss its ,relationship with home.

3 .Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss essential tenets of 'Pragmatism' as a school of philosophy and explain its importance in the light of curriculum' and 'the role of teacher'.

4. How can students' and community participation be made effective for proper management of the school ? Explain your answer with suitable illustrations.

5. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each :
(i) Education - its role in preservation of culture
(ii) Education an instrument of social change
(iii) Vocational Education - its need and importance
(iv) Open Schooling - its need and importance
(v) Inequality in Education measures to minimise it
(vi) Grading in Examination - its ne,ed and significance

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words
As a teacher, you must have come across some students who have dropped out and a few of them were also repeaters. List the different causes of their drop-outs and stagnation which you have found after interaction with students. Suggest measures for reducing stagnation and drop-out.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words. Describe the structure of Indian society. and its nature. 

2. Define Pragmatism. What is the contribution of pragmatism in education ? Discuss various roles of the teacher according to Pragmatism.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Media is playing an important role in education. What are its educational functions ? Discuss.

4. Discuss intervention strategies to reduce inequality in education.

5. Write short notes/answer of the following in about 150 words each :
. (i) How does the community influence the school ?
(ii) Why was Acharya Rama Murthi Committee set up ? Describe its recommendations.
(iii) School as a miniature society.
(iv) National Open School - its objectives and functions,
(v) What are the advantages of semester system ?
(vi) What are the benefits of . grading over numerical marking system ?
(vii) Describe the important recommendations of NPE 1986 on Teacher Education.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
While teaching you might have noticed that some students have problems at home. For this you might have met the students and their parents to know their relationship. On this basis prepare a report about child - parent relationship and also illustrate its impact on the education of the child.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Describe the problems of Indian society in the context of National Development.


2. Mention the shortcomings of the present examination system. Also suggest some innovative ways for improvement.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words. Discuss education as an instrument for social change. 

4. Explain important functions of home as an agency of education, with suitable examples.

5. Write short notes or answer of the following in about 150 words each :
(i) Vocationalization of Secondary Education - its concept, need and importance.
(ii) Common school system - its concept and importance.
(iii) Describe minimum level of learning.
(iv) According to the Education Commission, what. are the three ways in which education can respond to challenges of modernization ?
(v) Discuss the role of NGOs in educational programme.
(vi) What are the determinants of aims of education ?
(vii) What are the criteria of social stratification ?

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What can be, in your opinion, the important steps that may be taken by the Government to remove disparities in education ? To collect the opinion of the community and your colleagues on this aspect you must have done a survey. Prepare a report on this.

TEACHER AND SCHOOL
1. Answer the following in about 600 words.
Explain the relationship between school and community. Specify the roles of parents and community in-the effective functioning of the school, with suitable examples.

2. What do you mean by `Management Processes' ? Explain the different management processes in the school.

3. What do you mean by `physical infrastructure' ? How far is the physical infrastructure important for the successful conduct of the programmes and activities in a school ? Discuss.

4. Mention various organisations created by the Central Government to assist school education and discuss the functions of any three of them.
5. . Answer the following questions in about 120 words each
(i) "Communication plays a vital role in all aspects of school life." Discuss.
(ii) Explain briefly the functions of different types of hierarchies of school system.
(iii) What is the concept of `profession' ? What are the different characteristics of a teaching profession ?
(iv) Explain briefly the role of a teacher in decision making in schabi.
(v) What is Action Research ? How does it help a teacher in the classroom ?
(vi) Explain the functions and importance of school time-table.
(vii) Discuss briefly the importance of school libraries.
(viii) What co-curricular activities would you like to introduce in your school and why ?

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What is the meaning and purpose of a school budget ? Prepare a school budget following the steps used in the preparation of a school budget.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What do you understand by the term `communication' ? What are the main steps of communicative process ? Discuss how do the communication barriers disrupt the effective communication i process.

2. What are group decision-making techniques ? Discuss the appropriate group decision-making techniques to deal with the problems of regular latecomers in the school.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the Ieadership roles of teachers, principals and students can enhance the school management environment.

4. Explain the importance and objectives of Parent-Teacher Association. Discuss the activities which need to be organised in a Parent-Teacher Association.

5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words each :
(i) Explain the functions of N.C.E.R.T. and N.C.T.E.
(ii) Explain how education is a socialization process.
(iii) Up to what stage in India is general education provided to students and why ?
(iv) Explain the role of a teacher as a manager of instruction.
(v) Discuss how realities in the community can be transformed as learning experiences by the school.
(vi) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of students' evaluation of teachers.
(vii) Explain with examples the different types of school climate.
(viii) Explain the four types of school budget.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
As a teacher, you are supposed to organise various co-curricular activities in and out of the class. Identify a few such activities which you have been organizing in your school/class. Explain the various skills you used in organizing them and classify the activities in various categories of co-curricular activities.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
"Not all the administrators `administer', not all workers `work', not all teachers `teach', not all students 'study' - at least in the same way." Discuss this statement in the light of school as a social system.

2. What is the meaning of decision making ? What are the steps involved in the decision making process ? Mention a few decisions taken by students of your school.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
How do you justify that the principal is a leader in the school management ? What types of positions does he hold in the school ? List the various activities under these positions.

4. Discuss the different types of time-tables. Which principles will you keep in mind while preparing a time-table ? Using some of these principles, prepare a time-table for Class IX of your school.

5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words each :
(i) What are the functions of CABE and CBSE ?
(ii) "School is a formal system for socializing the young generation of society." Explain it.
(iii) "Teaching is a complex process." Discuss.
(iv) Explain the role of teacher as a facilitator of learning.
(v) Explain the statement "Society is a system and education is a sub-system of the social system".
(vi) Briefly mention the anxieties which teachers might harbour about students' evaluation of teachers.
(vii) Differentiate between open climate and autonomous climate.
(viii) What are the steps for preparing a school budget ?

6. As a teacher in your school you must have observed certain school management related problems. How did you identify these problems, and what steps did you take or suggest to tackle these problems ? Prepare a report in about 600 words.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the meaning of professional development of teachers. Discuss the importance and modes of providing inservice training for continuous professional development of teachers

2. "A teacher is both an instructional input and a manager of teaching - learning process." Explain.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What are the management processes in a school ? Discuss the role of a teacher in each of these processes.

4. Explain the meaning and need of performance appraisal of teachers. Discuss the various means of carrying out appraisal of teacher performance.

 

5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words each
(i) Discuss different modes of education with examples.
(ii) Explain the role of Board of Secondary Education in school education.
(iii) What are different types of hierarchies of school education ? Which one do you prefer and why ?
(iv) What is inter-personal interaction ? How is it helpful. for the progress of school system ?
(v) Differentiate between administrative and instructional leadership of the principal of a school.
(vi) What is organizational climate ? Discuss the dimensions of organizational climate.
(vii) Explain the meaning and importance of school time-table.
(viii) Discuss the importance of co-curricular activities in the school curriculum.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
As a teacher, you are supposed to maintain cumulative record card for all students of your class. Prepare a detailed cumulative record card for a student of Class IX of your school.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain how school is a formal social organisation. Discuss the roles and responsibilities of various members of the school organization

2. Justify teaching as a profession. Examine the professional competencies required of a teacher 'to be, effective.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the meaning and dimensions of school effectiveness. How does school effectiveness affect school climate ?

4. Explain the role of a teacher as an instructional input. How is it different from her/his role as a facilitator of learning and as a counsellor ?

5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words each :
(i) What is a learning resource centre ? How is it beneficial to teachers and students ?
(ii) Explain with examples the role of a teacher as a manager of innovation and as a manager of conflict.
(iii) What is the peer evaluation of teachers ? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
(iv) What is National Open School, presently known as National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) ? What are its major objectives ?
(v) What is a school complex ? Briefly describe its benefits for a school.
(vi) How is a school budget prepared and managed ?
(vii) Explain with examples the meaning of action research. How is it helpful for a teacher in performing instructional function ?
(viii) What is school leadership ? Discuss the types of school leadership with their advantages and disadvantages.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Suppose you have been given the responsibility of conducting the annual examination of your school. Prepare a detailed scheme for the smooth conduct of examination.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss the specific competencies required of a teacher for performing the roles of a manager, a participant, a facilitator, a counsellor and a community participant.

2. What are manpower resources in school organization ? Discuss their roles for effective functioning of school organization.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What is the meaning of management processes ? Discuss the different management processes and their importance in a school setting.-

4. What are the different types of co-curricular activities ? Explain their need and importance in the development of a child's personality.

5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words each :
(i) Explain how education is a socialization process.
(ii) Parents form a viable link between .school and community.' Discuss the statement with examples.
(iii) Discuss the constitutional provisions for education of minorities, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
(iv) Discuss the important qualities and competencies which a principal of a school should possess.
{v) Discuss the benefits that a teacher derives from the induction phase of teacher-training programme.
(vi) Explain the four characteristics of the dimensions of organizational climate.
(vii) What is performance appraisal ? Why is it considered important in school system ?
(viii) What are the instructional leadership roles of a teacher ?

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss the problems you face while teaching in the classroom and the steps you would take to solve them. Suggest the different modalities you would take for the attainment of your personal and professional growth.

 

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What do you understand by `hierarchies in school system' ? Discuss the models of hierarchies of structure generally found in school system with their merits and demerits.

2. Discuss personal qualities and professional competencies that need to be acquired to become an effective teacher.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Why is knowledge of various management processes of school essential for a teacher ? Discuss different managerial functions a teacher performs in a school.

4. What are the decision-making techniques used in the management process ? Which decision-making technique would you use to address the problem of regular late-corners in the school ? State the reasons for selecting that technique.

5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words each :
(i) How can realities in the community be transformed as learning experiences in the school ? Discuss with suitable examples.
(ii) Discuss the key elements in organizational behaviour.
(iii) Explain the need of inservice training for school teachers.
(iv) Discuss the criteria that you would keep in mind while evaluating yours peers.
(v) Describe the leadership roles of students in the school.
(vi) Define action research. Discuss its role in improving school system.
(vii) Discuss the functions that school time-table performs.
(viii) "Cumulative Record Card is the reflection of what a student is." Discuss the statement.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the need and importance of co-curricular activities. Discuss the skills that a teacher uses to organise co-curricular activities in school.

TEACHING OF SCIENCE
1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Illustrate instructional objectives for Science teaching under cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains, with examples.

2. What is meant by `Project' ? Explain the use, advantages and disadvantages of `Project method' for teaching of Science.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Identify the main teaching points, formulate corresponding objectives and explain the teaching-learning process that you will follow while teaching one of the following topics at Secondary level :

(i) Man and his relationship with Environment
(ii) Periodic Classification
4. Write brief notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(i) Science Education in India
(ii) Diagnostic Tests in Science
(iii) Scientific Method
(iv) Laboratory Method
(v) Problem Solving Approach
(vi) Teaching of Food Processing and Preservation
(vii) Teaching of Deficiency Diseases
(viii) Teaching of `Allotropy' in Carbon compounds

5. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Techniques of assessment in Science Practicals are different from those in Science Theory. Briefly discuss techniques of assessment of Science Practicals which you have utilised in your school and also construct a test-paper of Science Practicals at Secondary level in the _light of assessment technique of Science Practicals mentioned by you.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What is science ? What should be done in your opinion to improve the teaching - learning process of science in secondary schools of our country ?

2. Write down the names of five effective methods of teaching science at secondary stage. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using any one of them for teaching in a class. Give appropriate examples to explain your answer.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Identify the main teaching points, formulate corresponding objectives in behavioural terms and explain teaching - learning process that you will follow while teaching any one of the following topics at secondary level
(i) Chemical Equilibrium
(ii) Conservation of Momentum

4. Write brief notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(i) Importance of teaching science in secondary schools
(ii) Demonstration method in teaching of science
(iii) Need for planning a lesson
(iv) Merits and demerits of objective type tests
(v) Improvised teaching aids
(vi) Important points in teaching "refraction of light"
(vii) Different teaching methods used in teaching `chemical bonding'
(viii) Teacher = pupil activities used while teaching "Food Preservation"

5. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss the importance of laboratory work in science teaching. How will you plan and organise your laboratory so that students can learn `scientific method' and develop `scientific attitude' ?
 

1. Answer the following queslion in about 600 words.
Justify the place of science in secondary school curriculum. Give suggestions for the modification of methods of teaching as well as evaluation being used currently for teaching science at secondary level.

2. Distinguish between assessment and evaluation. What are the irnportant stepsiof test construction ? Describe the main points to be considered when setting a science theory paper.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Identify the main teaching points, formulate corresponding objectives in behavioural terms and explain teaching-learning process that you will follow while teaching any one of the following topics at secondary level :
(i) Hydrocarbon
(ii) Origin of the Universe

4. Write notes on the following in about 720 words each :
(i) Project method of teaching science
(ii) A good lesson plan
(iii) Essay type tests
(iv) Maintenance of laboratory equipment
(v) Diagnostic tests and remedial measures
(vi) Teaching of laws of motion
(vii) Teaching of modern periodic table
(viii) Teaching of nutrition and health
5. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Why is a science laboratory essential for teaching science in secondary schools ? How will you plan, organise and maintain an ellective science laboratory in your school ? What safety measures are needed in the laboratory ?

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Justify the place of Science in Secondary school curriculum in view of aims and objectives of- teaching Science at Secondary level.

2. What is inquiry approach ? Discuss ifs advantages, disadvantages and use of this approach for teaching of Science at Secondary level.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Identify the main teaching points, formulate corresponding objectives in ' behavioural terms and explain the teaching-learning process that you will follow while teaching any one of the following topics at Secondary level :
(i) Magnetic effect of current
(ii) Chemical bonding

4. Write notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(i) Nature of Science as a process
(ii) Laboratory method
(iii) Monitoring of learner's progress in Science
(iv) Science education in India
(v) Teaching of Allotropy
(vi) Teaching of Meiosis
(vii) Teaching of Second Law of Motion
(viii) Planning of Science Laboratory

5. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
While teaching Science at Secondary. level, you must have taught some topics through project method. Mention that topic and explain the various steps involved in carrying out the project. Write the project report.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Justify the nature of Science as a process and product, with suitable illustrations.

2. Discuss nature, steps involved, advantages and disadvantages of problem solving approach of teaching Science at Secondary level.


3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Identify the main teaching points, formulate corresponding objectives and explain the teaching-learning process that you will follow while teaching one of the following topics at Secondary level :
(i) Cell Structure
(ii) Chemical Formulae

4. Write brief notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(i) Goals for Science Teaching
(ii) Principles of Science Curriculum Construction
(iii) Demonstration Method of teaching Science
(iv) Planning of Science Laboratory
(v) Diagnosis and Remedial measures in Science
(vi) Teaching of Conservation of Momentum
(vii) Teaching of Refraction of Light
(viii) Teaching of Food Processing and Preservation

5. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Select a topic from Science at Secondary level. Prepare a blueprint for the test to be prepared to assess the learner's progress. Construct the test, taking into consideration all the criteria of a good test. The test must have at least 2 to 3 test items of cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains.

TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS
1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss the need and importance of Mathematics in school curriculum.

2. Discuss the principles of formulating the Mathematics curriculum.

3. Answer the following question in about.600 words.
Formulate objectives, select learning experiences to teach any one of the following topics to Secondary school teachers :
(i) Quadratic Equations
(ii) Perimeter and Area of plane figures
(iii) Percent

4. Write short notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(a) Heuristic or Discovery method
(b) Meaning of evaluation
(c) Congruence of Triangles
(d) Simple Interest
(e) Polynomials in one variable
(f) Histogram and Frequency Polygon
(g) Different types of quadrilaterals and their inter-relation (h) Definitions of trigonometric ratios

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss in detail the need and significance of teaching mathematics at secondary school stage. Give suitable examples in support of your answer.

2. What is meant by `evaluation' ?. Discuss the role of evaluation in improving the teaching - learning process in mathematics. Illustrate with examples wherever needed.

 

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Formulate objectives and identify learning experiences to teach any one of the following topics to the secondary students :
(i) Exponents and Logarithms
(ii) LCM and HCF
(iii) Circle, its circumference and area

4. Write short notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(i) Relevance of Assignment and Home-work
(ii) Role of Teaching Aids
(iii) Use of Intuition and Logic in mathematics
(iv) Teaching of Rational.Numbers
(v) Teaching of Trigonometrical Ratios
(vi) Teaching of Stocks and Shares
(vii) Teaching "Division" of Polynomials

5. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss in detail the desirable characteristics of a good instructional strategy in mathematics. Explain the various steps taken in developing and implementing such a strategy.

1.Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Explain the meanings of `Induction' and `Deduction' in mathematics. Differentiate between Inductive and Deductive methods of teaching mathematics. Illustrate with examples how these methods work.

2. Discuss the nature and development of mathematics as a subject. Describe in detail the contribution of Indian mathematicians to the development of mathematics.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Formulate objectives and identify learning experiences to teach any one of the following topics to the secondary students :
(i) Elementary number theory
(ii) Linear equations and Inequations
(iii) Similarity of triangles and its applications

4. Write short notes on the following in about 120 words each :
(i) Place of mathematics in school curriculum
(ii) Role of practice in teaching mathematics
(iii) Teaching of graphs
(iv) Laboratory method of teaching mathematics
(v) Trigonometry, heights and distances
(vi) Teaching computing and flow-charting
(vii) Evaluation in mathematics
(viii) Lesson planning in mathematics teaching

5. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss, with example(s), how you will introduce the concept of statistics in the class. Explain your detailed strategy including teaching points, teaching methods and teaching aids while teaching statistics at secondary school stage.

TEACHING OF SOCIAL STUDIES
1. Answer the following in about 600 words :
What is project work ? How will you organise project work in teaching Social Studies at Secondary school level ? Discuss with example.

2. Differentiate between evaluation of cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes in Social Studies. Discuss briefly the major tools used for evaluating these outcomes.

3. Answer the following in about 600 words :
Discuss various causes of Environmental Degradation. Develop an instructional strategy on Environmental Degradation, specifying main teaching points, instructional objectives, and instructional activities.

4. Discuss various sectors of Indian economy and their relationship. Develop an instructional strategy on this topic specifying teaching points, instructional objectives and instructional activities.
5. Write short answers of the following in about 150 words each :

(i) Differentiate between integrated and inter-disciplinary approaches to teaching Social Studieswith examples.
(ii) Which one of the group-directed instructional techniques will you use to teach `Impact of Globalisation on Indian economy', and why ?
(iii) What media will you use to teach `Comparative CIimate of New Delhi and Chennai during Winter season' ? Illustrate your answer.
(iv) Discuss briefly development in Science and Technology during the Ancient and Medieval period. What method/s would you follow to teach this content at Secondary level ?
(v) Discuss the purposes of student evaluation in Social Studies.
(vi) Discuss instructional planning you will carry out for introducing 'Indus Valley Civilization'.
Discuss briefly assessment procedures to be followed for the content `Freedom and Equality'.

6. During teaching Social Studies in class-room you must have developed a unit plan. Select any unit from that and illustrate the unit plan consisting of
(a) Sub-units in the unit
(b) Corresponding teaching points to sub-units
(c) Specific instructional objectives
(d) Methods/approaches to be adopted
(e) Appropriate media selected

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Explain the significance of Social Studies in Secondary School curriculum. Discuss the factors which influence decision-making in Social Studies curriculum.

2.Discuss with example how lecture method is used in teaching of Social Studies. Point out the difficulties faced by a teacher during various steps while teaching through lecture method.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words
Suppose you have to teach growth of Indus Valley Civilization, develop instructional objectives in behavioural terms, instructional procedure for major teaching concepts/contents and test items to test teaching outcomes of the test.

4. Explain the concept of `totality of environment'. Develop an instructional strategy on it including teaching points, specific instructional objectives, instructional activities and evaluation questions.

5. Write short answers of the following questions in about 150 words each
(i) Discuss the Questioning Skill, Explain how would you use it in the teaching of Social Studies by giving suitable examples.
(ii) Discuss various process skills that a Social Studies teacher needs to develop in his students.
(iii) What are non-cognitive outcomes in Social Studies ? How can a teacher assess these outcomes ?
(iv) Briefly describe the measures to conserve our natural resources. Which instructional methods and media would you use to teach this content ?
(v) Mention various sectors of the Indian economy. What kind of instructional inputs would you provide for teaching this ?
(vi) Discuss the meaning and causes of environmental degradation. Suggest the appropriate group-directed instructional method to teach the content.
(vii) Discuss briefly the impact of British rule on educational development in India. What kind of Information and Communication Technology (1CT) will you use to teach this content and why ?

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
You are asked by your Principal to develop a question paper of Class VIII in Social Studies for the annual examination. Prepare a detailed plan mentioning different activities you will carry out while developing the question paper.

 

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Explain individualised instruction. Discuss with examples individualised instructional methods used in teaching of Social Studies.

2. Define `Social Studies' as a field of knowledge. Discuss learning outcomes expected of the teaching-learning activities in Social Studies.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Discuss the meaning of geographical discoveries. Select a suitable topic and ' develop an instructional strategy mentioning content points, instructional objectives in behavioural terms, teaching-learning activities and evaluation items.
4. Discuss the ideals of the Indian Nation enshrined in its Constitution. Develop an instructional strategy to teach this mentioning content points, specific instructional objectives, teaching-learning activities and evaluation items.

5. Write short answers of the following questions in about 150 words each :

(i) Describe professional and personal qualities a Social Studies teacher ought to possess.
(ii) How can you utilise the expertise of a guest speaker effectively in Social Studies class ? Explain.
(iii) Differentiate between numerical marking system and grading system. Which one would you prefer in assessing student performance in Social Studies ? Justify your answer.
(iv) Differentiate between the terms - `latitudes' and `longitudes'. What communication media would you use to bring out their differences ?
(v) What are different forms of occupations ? Develop four multiple choice type items on this content.
(vi) What methods and media would you adopt to explain the main features of Indian economy ?
(vii) What is a diagnostic test ? Explain its use in the teaching of Social Studies by giving suitable examples.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
During teaching in schools, you might have come across certain difficult topics to be learnt by students. How did you teach them ? Illustrate the lesson plan for them in detail.

1. Answer the following question in about 690 words :
Discuss with examples how demonstration method can be used in teaching of Social Studies. Point out the difficulties faced by a teacher during various steps while teaching through demonstration method.

2. Discuss the role of instructional media in teaching Social Studies. Justify your answer by giving suitable examples.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
What do you understand by Geographical Discoveries ? Mention the events which helped in geographical discoveries and discuss their effects

4. Describe the purpose and various aspects of evaluation in Social Studies.

5. Write short answers of the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) What do you understand by Brain-Storming technique ? How can a teacher use it in leaching ofSocial Studies ?
(ii) Briefly discuss the influence of political factors on cultural development.
(iii) Explain the basic features of Indian Economy.
(iv) Discuss in brief the effects of Industrial Revolution on the environment.
(v) Describe in brief the reasons for the decline of Harappan culture.
(vi) Explain the impact of liberal ideas of the West in British India"
(vii) What are the advantages of commerclalizing animal rearing ?

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Suppose you had visited the nearby community alongwith your students to know the opinion of people about the impact of population, poverty and employment on the Indian Economy. What conclusions did you infer ?

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Explain the. significance of media in teaching of Social Studies. Discuss the media used frequently in teaching of Social Studies, with examples.

2. Differentiate between cognitive and non-cognitive learning outcomes. Discuss various forms of test items for cognitive and non-cognitive learning outcomes with examples from Social Studies.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Discuss social life and economic conditions prevailing during Indus Valley Civilization. Develop an instructional strategy to teach this topic mentioning content points, specific instructional objectives, teaching-learning activities and evaluation items. 
4. Discuss major types of climate of India. Develop an instructional strategy to teach this topic mentioning content points, specific instructional objectives, teaching-learning activities and evaluation items.

5. Write short answers of the following questions in about 150 words each :

(i) Discuss the factors taken into consideration while organising Social Studies curriculum.
(ii) Explain with examples how questioning skill can be used in teaching Social Studies.
(iii) Differentiate between a unit plan and a lesson plan.
(iv) How can continuous and comprehensive evaluation be implemented in Social Studies ? Explain.
(v) Discuss methods and media to introduce the concept of cultural heritage of India.
(vi) What is the need of maintaining environmental balance ? How can you explain it to your students ?
(vii) What are the different types of soils found in India ? Construct four multiple-choice items to test students' understanding of Indian soils.
(viii) What are the various indicators of economic development ? How can you teach this topic to your students ?

 

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
- Suppose you had organised project work in teaching of Social Studies. Discuss the stages of organising project .work namely
(i) Planning of the project work
(ii) Implementation of the project work
(iii) Evaluation of the project work

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Differentiate between `Social Studies' and `Social Sciences'. Discuss various competencies required of an effective Social Studies teacher.

2. What is a lecture ? Discuss with examples the steps of organising lecture in the teaching of Social Studies.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Discuss briefly the major supporting structures which constitute the economic structure of Indian Economy. Develop an instructional strategy to teach this topic mentioning main content points, specific instructional objectives, teaching-learning activities and evaluation items.

4. Explain environmental degradation and its various causes. Develop an instructional strategy to teach this topic mentioning main content points, specific instructional objectives, teaching-learning activities and evaluation items.

5. Write short answers of the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) Briefly elaborate the significance of discussion as a method of teaching Social Studies and also mention the various skills required to participate in discussion.
(ii) Discuss various areas which are taken into account while planning instruction in Social Studies.
(iii) Discuss various types of charts and mention their use in teaching Social Studies, with examples.
(iv) Explain the significance and steps of demonstration in teaching of Social Studies, with examples.
(v) What methods and media would you use to teach art and architecture of ancient India "?
(vi) What are the main teaching points of the topic `Growth of Education and its impact' during the British rule in India ? Formulate instructional objectives for the same teaching points.
(vii) What are major physical divisions of India ? Discuss the instructional media you will use to teach the contents.
(viii) Discuss the teaching-learning activities you will plan to teach conservation of natural resources.

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words :
Suppose you had developed a Question paper in Social Studies for Class IX. Discuss the various steps you followed in the development of the Question paper.

TEACHING OF ENGLISH
1. What is the status of English language in the context of our Indian education system ? Discuss the role of the English teacher in this context giving suitable examples.

2. Out of the four skills of language, which one do you think is most important ? Give a reasoned answer bringing out the objectives of teaching English in India.

3. What is the meaning of Efficient Reading ? Discuss. Explain the characteristics of reading and their implications for the teacher of English language.

4. Distinguish between intensive reading and extensive reading. Discuss the learning objectives of intensive reading in detail.

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) Mention at least four different kinds of listening activities which can be used in the classroom for teaching listening skills. Describe any one of them in detail.
(ii) Mention at least four different kinds of Speaking Activities that can be used in the classroom for teaching speaking skills. Describe any one of them in detail.
(iii) Distinguish between study skills and linguistic skills. What is the role of study skills in the English curriculum ?
(iv) Distinguish between formal and functional grammar. Which one is more useful in language teaching and why ?
(v) Discuss the pedagogic principles of 'Structural oral situational method' in language teaching.
(vi) Write a note on different kinds of vocabularies and their implications for the teaching of vocabulary.

6. What are the essential components of a lesson plan ? Discuss the weak and strong points of any one lesson-plan which you must have prepared during teaching at Secondary level.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What are the unique individual characteristics of the learner that influence learning ? Discuss these in the context of teaching English as a second language.

2. What is a cognitive style ? Discuss the cognitive styles important for developing communicative skills in second language learning.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What do you understand by `method' of teaching language ? Discuss the relationship between approach, method and techniques of language teaching using a suitable example.

4. What are the important components of a lesson plan ? Discuss your answer by illustrating instructional objectives for a poetry lesson for any class you teach.

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) What are the three kinds of listening materials that can be used by a teacher ? List one advantage and one disadvantage; of each material.
(ii) Write at least four characteristics of an effective oral skills lesson.
(iii) What is alexia and how does it affect one's reading ability ?
(iv) What are `signpost' questions ?
(v) Frame two test items for testing reading comprehension.
(vi) What is the significance of vocabulary games ?

6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss the methods of marking composition with suitable examples.

1. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What is the relationship between the need for learning a language and its teaching objectives ? Explain with an example from teaching of English as a second language.

2. `Learners have different cognitive styles.' How is this observation useful for classroom teachers ? Give examples from teaching of English as a second language.

3. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
What are the major differences between learning Ll and L2 .? Discuss the different contexts in which children formally learn certain language skills.

4. In the context of learning language, discuss the role of integrative and instrumental motivation. Give suitable examples to illustrate your answer.

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) List down three features of a good listening task.
(ii) In order to teach conversation skills, why is it important to understand the differences between speech and writing ?
(iii) How can a teacher use dictation for story-telling and developing learners' speech skills ?
(iv) List down the major skills needed to write a good summary.
(v) What aspects of writing should be given importance to at the secondary level ?
(vi) Frame a multiple choice item to test your learners' knowledge of grammar.
6. Answer the following question in about 600 words.
Discuss the differences between discrete and integrated items given to test the grammatical competence of learners. Give an example from each to illustrate your answer.

1. Mention three major approaches to English Language teaching. Which one do you think is the best and why ?

2. What is the place of English in Indian society ? Discuss, bringing out the implications for teachers of English in this context.

3. Name the four skills of language. Which one do you think is the most important in the context of teaching-learning English in India ? Give a reasoned answer arriving at the objectives of teaching English in India.

4. Discuss the characteristics of Reading and its implications for the Reading teacher.

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) What are the three phases of a listening class_ ? Discuss any one of them.
(ii) Discuss the characteristics of an effective oral skills lesson.
(iii) List the nine areas in which a writer needs. some competence according to Anita Pincas. Explain any one of them in detail, giving examples.
(iv) What is the place of grammar in language learning ? Discuss, bringing out the changing approach to grammar in recent times.
(v) How will you develop, study skills among your students, as an English teacher ? Give examples.
(vi) Mention at least four reading problems and write a detailed note on any one of them.

6. What is a lesson plan ? Describe, giving examples, the role of a lesson plan for an effective English class.

1. The communicative approach to language teaching is the best one to be followed by the teachers of English. Do you agree ? Give a reasoned answer bringing out the differences in the different approaches.

2. English is seen differently as a first language, a second language and an international language. What are the implications of these three positions for a teacher of English ? Discuss bringing out the need and importance of English in the Indian society and classroom.

3. It is through books that one acquires knowledge, for which one needs to be proficient in reading. Do you think reading is the most important language skill ? Give a reasoned answer bringing out the implications for a teacher of English.

4. Describe in detail the objectives of a reading programme. Are you able to implement all the objectives in the classroom ? Discuss.


5. Answer the following in about 150 words each :
(i) Mention at least four kinds of listening activities and describe any one of them in detail.
(ii) Mention at least four kinds of speaking activities and describe any one of them in detail.
(iii) Mention at least four kinds of writing activities and describe any one of them in detail.
(iv) Mention three types of study skills and describe any one of them in detail.
(v) What are the advantages of grammar games in teaching grammar ? Describe one game.
(vi) Write a note on Integrated Grammar Tasks.

6. Choose any topic in any area from your English class and develop a lesson plan. Mention the class and topic you have chosen clearly.